Try:
==\s(.*?)\s==\r?\n(((?!^==\s).)*)
with the 'singleline' and 'multiline' options set.
I assume that the version in "pastebin" (with spaces between the equal signs and the "title" text) is correct rather than in your note (where the spaces are absent).
Depending on your platform, there may or many not be a carriage return before the newline character at the end of each line - if there is not then you can remove the '\r?' from the pattern (although it doesn't hurt to leave it in).
Also this assumes that there is a single space between the equal signs and the words of the text, and that the end of the title is a space followed by 2 equal signs at the end of the line with a newline. I think I have interpreted your requirements correctly, but this should get you started anyway.
This will stop the main matching when it finds 2 equal signs followed by a space at the start of a line even if it is not really the start of a new title (e.g. "== This is a silly line" will stop it even though there are no equal signs after the text). You can extend the termination lookahead if this is a problem.
Susan